刮(gua)板(ban)機使(shi)用的(de)相關介紹

刮(gua)(gua)板輸送機是煤(mei)礦(kuang)地下綜合采礦(kuang)設備的主要運輸設備。刮(gua)(gua)板機是否正常工(gong)作對整個煤(mei)礦(kuang)起著關鍵作用。由于各(ge)種因(yin)素(su)（如長期滿載運行、環境惡劣(lie)、使用不(bu)當(dang)、維護(hu)不(bu)當(dang)），事故(gu)和故(gu)障時有發(fa)生。因(yin)此，分(fen)(fen)析和討(tao)論(lun)刮(gua)(gua)板機故(gu)障的原因(yin)及(ji)解決方(fang)案十分(fen)(fen)重要。

刮板機的常見缺陷。

1減速器缺陷。

減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)(qi)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)主要分為(wei)三類(lei)：減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)(qi)外殼過(guo)(guo)熱(re)、噪(zao)音過(guo)(guo)大(da)、減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)(qi)漏油、減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)(qi)空間(jian)設計不(bu)合(he)理、過(guo)(guo)大(da)或(huo)過(guo)(guo)小(xiao)。機油和(he)軸承(cheng)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)或(huo)潤(run)滑故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)，減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)(qi)內部覆蓋面嚴(yan)重，散(san)熱(re)不(bu)良。減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)(qi)漏油的(de)主要原因是減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)(qi)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)性能低（損壞的(de)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)或(huo)其他密(mi)封(feng)(feng)裝置），密(mi)封(feng)(feng)件上的(de)間(jian)隙粘附在(zai)(zai)減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)(qi)表面，軸承(cheng)蓋不(bu)牢固(gu)。減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)的(de)噪(zao)聲(sheng)主要包括軸承(cheng)間(jian)隙過(guo)(guo)大(da)、軸承(cheng)擺動、齒輪磨損、齒輪嚙合(he)間(jian)隙過(guo)(guo)大(da)產(chan)生噪(zao)聲(sheng)，軸承(cheng)磨損和(he)減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)(qi)過(guo)(guo)載。同(tong)時，由于大(da)型(xing)弧傘(san)齒輪與(yu)軸弧傘(san)齒輪嚙合(he)規范不(bu)足，導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)運行狀態下(xia)會(hui)(hui)出現(xian)電機與(yu)主軸不(bu)同(tong)心的(de)情(qing)況，還會(hui)(hui)出現(xian)輸送機在(zai)(zai)運輸材料時會(hui)(hui)堵塞而停止運行，更有可能導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)(qi)主軸斷裂(lie)。

2.電機缺陷。

電(dian)機(ji)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)異常，電(dian)機(ji)加(jia)熱(re)(re)錯誤(wu)，電(dian)機(ji)噪音過(guo)大(da)的錯誤(wu)。電(dian)機(ji)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)異常主(zhu)要(yao)包括(kuo)刮(gua)刀負荷(he)過(guo)大(da)、電(dian)源不穩定、線路(lu)故障（斷裂、短路(lu)、泄漏等(deng)）、啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)壓突(tu)然下(xia)降或(huo)無法啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)機(ji)，電(dian)機(ji)加(jia)熱(re)(re)錯誤(wu)過(guo)多(duo)主(zhu)要(yao)包括(kuo)電(dian)機(ji)風(feng)扇損壞或(huo)散熱(re)(re)器堵塞(sai)、散熱(re)(re)器堵塞(sai)、連續(xu)負荷(he)運行(xing)時(shi)間過(guo)長(chang)、啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)頻率過(guo)高、啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)流過(guo)大(da)、保險(xian)絲過(guo)大(da)、負荷(he)連續(xu)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)流運行(xing)。電(dian)機(ji)噪聲過(guo)大(da)主(zhu)要(yao)包括(kuo)單相刮(gua)刀輸送機(ji)負荷(he)過(guo)大(da)、點(dian)線松動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、接觸不良和軸(zhou)承故障。

承故障。

3刮板鏈條缺陷。

刮(gua)板(ban)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)的故障主(zhu)要(yao)包括跳(tiao)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)、斷(duan)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)和(he)掉鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)。跳(tiao)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的主(zhu)要(yao)原因是鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)和(he)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)輪(lun)(lun)之間有煤或(huo)其(qi)它(ta)碎片，從而占據(ju)了鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)和(he)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)輪(lun)(lun)的位置。驅動(dong)半徑突(tu)然變(bian)大(da)。當它(ta)增加時(shi)，鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)后面(mian)的鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)會提前對齊，咬住鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)輪(lun)(lun)，并且鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)會跳(tiao)動(dong)，造成兩個鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)的擰緊不匹(pi)配，導致鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)跳(tiao)動(dong)。刮(gua)板(ban)和(he)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)輪(lun)(lun)的中(zhong) 心線(xian)傾斜(xie)(xie)而不平行，因此鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)會跳(tiao)過。鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)斷(duan)裂的主(zhu)要(yao)原因是鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)質量低，磨(mo)損(sun)或(huo)腐(fu)蝕嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)截面(mian)直徑減小，強度低，刮(gua)板(ban)罐變(bian)形，刮(gua)板(ban)卡煤嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，刮(gua)板(ban)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)拉(la)力(li)過大(da)，長度和(he)節距不匹(pi)配。斷(duan)開鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接的主(zhu)要(yao)原因是安裝不當，機(ji)頭與(yu)機(ji)座(zuo)沒對齊。鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)輪(lun)(lun)磨(mo)損(sun)嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，張(zhang)力(li)不穩定，刮(gua)板(ban)傾斜(xie)(xie)，螺距過大(da)，彎曲程(cheng)度嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

4 液壓系統缺陷

由于刮板機(ji)(ji)在惡劣的(de)(de)環境下長時間處于滿負(fu)荷運行，因此它們(men)會對自己的(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)產生(sheng)嚴重影響，，從而導(dao)致不穩定和系(xi)統(tong)故障(zhang)。液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)系(xi)統(tong)主要包括動力部分(fen)、行駛部分(fen)、輔助部分(fen)、液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)油箱(xiang)和控(kong)制(zhi)部分(fen)。如果出現部分(fen)問題，則系(xi)統(tong)將發生(sheng)故障(zhang)。液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)系(xi)統(tong)故障(zhang)主要包括油溫(wen)高、密封性(xing)(xing)差、液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)油不純(chun)、零件刮擦(ca)、損壞各(ge)種閥（液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)閥、溢(yi)流閥、電磁換向閥）以減(jian)少刮板故障(zhang)，實際工(gong)作(zuo)功(gong)率(lv)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)效率(lv)會增加液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)泵的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)壓(ya)(ya)力（負(fu)荷）。

5刮板槽磨損

底板(ban)(ban)磨(mo)損和(he)側板(ban)(ban)磨(mo)損是刮(gua)板(ban)(ban)槽故障的(de)(de)兩(liang)個類型，之所以會(hui)出現(xian)這種情況，是因為(wei)底板(ban)(ban)和(he)側板(ban)(ban)會(hui)受到(dao)由刮(gua)板(ban)(ban)和(he)鏈(lian)接(jie)環帶來的(de)(de)摩(mo)擦力。一旦側板(ban)(ban)出現(xian)超(chao)過標準值的(de)(de)磨(mo)損量。其承受的(de)(de)拉余力就會(hui)過多，從(cong)而(er)導致其使用期限(xian)不斷縮短(duan)。

6刮板掉道

因為刮(gua)(gua)(gua)板(ban)(ban)在(zai)長(chang)期磨損之后，它的長(chang)度會縮(suo)短。再加上刮(gua)(gua)(gua)板(ban)(ban)槽(cao)側邊在(zai)長(chang)期磨損之后，幫槽(cao)會越來越深。而且(qie)在(zai)安裝刮(gua)(gua)(gua)板(ban)(ban)運(yun)輸(shu)機(ji)的時并未遵循規范要求，刮(gua)(gua)(gua)板(ban)(ban)鏈的穩定性也不強，這(zhe)就導(dao)致處在(zai)運(yun)行(xing)狀態(tai)的刮(gua)(gua)(gua)板(ban)(ban)運(yun)輸(shu)機(ji)會出現(xian)刮(gua)(gua)(gua)板(ban)(ban)掉(diao)道的問題。

以上便是(shi)刮板機(ji)的常(chang)見問題及(ji)解決方法的介紹(shao)