刮板機的常見問題及解決方法
刮板機的(de)常見問題及解決方法
刮板輸(shu)送機是煤礦(kuang)地下綜(zong)合(he)采礦(kuang)設備(bei)的(de)主要(yao)運輸(shu)設備(bei)。刮板機是否正(zheng)常工作對整個煤礦(kuang)起著關鍵作用。由于各(ge)種因素(如(ru)長期滿載運行、環境惡(e)劣、使用不(bu)當、維護不(bu)當),事(shi)故和故障時有發生(sheng)。因此,分(fen)析(xi)和討論刮板機故障的(de)原因及解(jie)決方案十分(fen)重要(yao)。
刮板機(ji)的常見缺(que)陷。
1減速器缺陷。
減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)故障主要(yao)分為三類(lei):減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)外(wai)殼過(guo)熱、噪音過(guo)大(da)、減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)漏油(you)、減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)空(kong)間(jian)設(she)計不(bu)合(he)理(li)、過(guo)大(da)或過(guo)小(xiao)。機油(you)和軸(zhou)承(cheng)故障或潤滑故障,減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)內部覆蓋面(mian)嚴重,散熱不(bu)良(liang)。減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)漏油(you)的(de)主要(yao)原因是減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)性能低(損(sun)壞的(de)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)或其他密(mi)封(feng)(feng)裝置),密(mi)封(feng)(feng)件(jian)上的(de)間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)粘(zhan)附在減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)表面(mian),軸(zhou)承(cheng)蓋不(bu)牢固。減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)中的(de)噪聲主要(yao)包括(kuo)軸(zhou)承(cheng)間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)過(guo)大(da)、軸(zhou)承(cheng)擺動、齒(chi)輪磨損(sun)、齒(chi)輪嚙合(he)間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)過(guo)大(da)產生噪聲,軸(zhou)承(cheng)磨損(sun)和減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)過(guo)載。同(tong)時,由于大(da)型(xing)弧(hu)(hu)傘齒(chi)輪與軸(zhou)弧(hu)(hu)傘齒(chi)輪嚙合(he)規范不(bu)足,導致減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)在運(yun)行狀態下會出現電(dian)機與主軸(zhou)不(bu)同(tong)心的(de)情(qing)況,還會出現輸送(song)機在運(yun)輸材料(liao)時會堵塞而停止運(yun)行,更有可能導致減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)主軸(zhou)斷裂。
2.電機缺陷。
電機(ji)啟(qi)動異常(chang),電機(ji)加熱錯誤(wu)(wu),電機(ji)噪音過(guo)大的錯誤(wu)(wu)。電機(ji)啟(qi)動異常(chang)主要包(bao)括(kuo)刮(gua)刀負(fu)荷過(guo)大、電源不穩定、線(xian)路故(gu)障(斷(duan)裂、短路、泄漏等)、啟(qi)動電壓突然下(xia)降或無法啟(qi)動電機(ji),電機(ji)加熱錯誤(wu)(wu)過(guo)多(duo)主要包(bao)括(kuo)電機(ji)風扇(shan)損壞(huai)或散(san)熱器堵(du)(du)塞、散(san)熱器堵(du)(du)塞、連(lian)續負(fu)荷運(yun)行(xing)時間過(guo)長、啟(qi)動頻率過(guo)高、啟(qi)動電流過(guo)大、保險(xian)絲過(guo)大、負(fu)荷連(lian)續啟(qi)動電流運(yun)行(xing)。電機(ji)噪聲過(guo)大主要包(bao)括(kuo)單(dan)相刮(gua)刀輸(shu)送(song)機(ji)負(fu)荷過(guo)大、點線(xian)松(song)動、接觸不良和軸(zhou)承(cheng)故(gu)障。
承故障。
3刮板鏈條缺陷。
刮(gua)板(ban)(ban)(ban)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)條(tiao)的(de)(de)故(gu)障主要(yao)包括跳(tiao)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)、斷鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)和掉鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)。跳(tiao)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)主要(yao)原因(yin)(yin)是(shi)(shi)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)條(tiao)和鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)輪(lun)之間(jian)有煤或其它碎片,從(cong)而占據了鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)條(tiao)和鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)輪(lun)的(de)(de)位置。驅動(dong)半(ban)徑(jing)突(tu)然變(bian)大。當它增加(jia)時,鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)條(tiao)后面(mian)的(de)(de)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)條(tiao)會提前對齊(qi),咬住鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)輪(lun),并且鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)條(tiao)會跳(tiao)動(dong),造成兩個鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)條(tiao)的(de)(de)擰緊(jin)不(bu)匹配,導致鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)條(tiao)跳(tiao)動(dong)。鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)條(tiao)斷裂的(de)(de)主要(yao)原因(yin)(yin)是(shi)(shi)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)條(tiao)質(zhi)量低(di),磨損或腐蝕嚴(yan)重,鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)條(tiao)截面(mian)直徑(jing)減小(xiao),強度低(di),刮(gua)板(ban)(ban)(ban)罐變(bian)形,刮(gua)板(ban)(ban)(ban)卡煤嚴(yan)重,刮(gua)板(ban)(ban)(ban)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)拉力過大,長(chang)度和節(jie)距(ju)不(bu)匹配。斷開(kai)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接的(de)(de)主要(yao)原因(yin)(yin)是(shi)(shi)安裝(zhuang)不(bu)當,機頭與機座沒對齊(qi)。鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)輪(lun)磨損嚴(yan)重,張(zhang)力不(bu)穩定,刮(gua)板(ban)(ban)(ban)傾斜,螺距(ju)過大,彎曲程度嚴(yan)重。
4 液壓(ya)系統缺陷
由于(yu)刮板(ban)機在惡劣的環境下長時間處于(yu)滿負(fu)荷(he)運行(xing),因此它們會對自己(ji)的液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的性能產(chan)生嚴重影響,,從(cong)而導(dao)致不(bu)穩定和(he)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)。液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)主要(yao)包括(kuo)動力(li)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)、行(xing)駛部(bu)(bu)分(fen)、輔助部(bu)(bu)分(fen)、液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)油(you)箱和(he)控制部(bu)(bu)分(fen)。如果出現部(bu)(bu)分(fen)問題(ti),則系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)將發生故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)。液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)主要(yao)包括(kuo)油(you)溫高、密封(feng)性差、液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)油(you)不(bu)純(chun)、零件刮擦、損壞各(ge)種閥(液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)閥、溢流閥、電(dian)磁換向(xiang)閥)以(yi)減少刮板(ban)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang),實際(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)功率機器的工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)效(xiao)率會增加液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)泵的工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(負(fu)荷(he))。
5刮板槽磨損
底板磨損(sun)(sun)和(he)側(ce)板磨損(sun)(sun)是(shi)刮(gua)板槽故障的兩(liang)個(ge)類型,之所(suo)以(yi)會(hui)出現(xian)這(zhe)種情況,是(shi)因為底板和(he)側(ce)板會(hui)受到由(you)刮(gua)板和(he)鏈接(jie)環帶來的摩擦力(li)。一(yi)旦側(ce)板出現(xian)超過(guo)標準值的磨損(sun)(sun)量。其承受的拉(la)余(yu)力(li)就會(hui)過(guo)多,從而(er)導致其使(shi)用期(qi)限不斷縮(suo)短。
6刮板掉道
因為刮(gua)(gua)板(ban)在長期(qi)磨損之(zhi)后(hou),它的(de)長度(du)會(hui)縮短。再(zai)加上刮(gua)(gua)板(ban)槽側邊在長期(qi)磨損之(zhi)后(hou),幫(bang)槽會(hui)越來越深。而且在安裝刮(gua)(gua)板(ban)運輸(shu)機的(de)時(shi)并未遵(zun)循規(gui)范要求,刮(gua)(gua)板(ban)鏈的(de)穩定性也不強,這(zhe)就導(dao)致處在運行(xing)狀態的(de)刮(gua)(gua)板(ban)運輸(shu)機會(hui)出現刮(gua)(gua)板(ban)掉道的(de)問題。
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