刮板輸送機故障的原因及預防

　　刮板(ban)(ban)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是一種連續輸(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)設備(bei)(bei)，使(shi)用移(yi)動的(de)刮板(ban)(ban)鏈(lian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)封閉(bi)的(de)矩形截面(mian)外殼中(zhong)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)松散材(cai)料(liao)(liao)，如(ru)灰塵、小顆(ke)粒(li)和(he)小塊(kuai)。由(you)于刮板(ban)(ban)鏈(lian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)運輸(shu)(shu)(shu)過(guo)程中(zhong)埋(mai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)中(zhong)，因(yin)此被稱為“埋(mai)刮板(ban)(ban)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)機(ji)(ji)(ji)”。該設備(bei)(bei)通常用于顆(ke)粒(li)和(he)粉(fen)末材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)水平輸(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)，也(ye)可用于150角(jiao)度范圍(wei)內的(de)傾斜輸(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)。因(yin)此，在(zai)(zai)(zai)單點進料(liao)(liao)和(he)出(chu)料(liao)(liao)的(de)基礎上，還可以(yi)實現多(duo)點進料(liao)(liao)、多(duo)點出(chu)料(liao)(liao)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)運輸(shu)(shu)(shu)有毒、易(yi)爆、高(gao)(gao)溫、易(yi)飛(fei)物料(liao)(liao)、工(gong)人作業(ye)(ye)條件、減少環境污染等方面(mian)具有突出(chu)特點。廣泛(fan)應用于化工(gong)、冶金、機(ji)(ji)(ji)械、輕工(gong)、糧食、水電、交通等行(xing)業(ye)(ye)。刮板(ban)(ban)鏈(lian)是刮板(ban)(ban)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)主要部件，也(ye)是重要的(de)牽引機(ji)(ji)(ji)構。它由(you)三部分(fen)組(zu)成：刮板(ban)(ban)、圓(yuan)鏈(lian)和(he)連接(jie)環。統計數據顯(xian)示，刮板(ban)(ban)鏈(lian)故障約占刮板(ban)(ban)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)機(ji)(ji)(ji)故障總數的(de)40。因(yin)此，提高(gao)(gao)刮板(ban)(ban)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)機(ji)(ji)(ji)刮板(ban)(ban)鏈(lian)的(de)質量，延(yan)長其使(shi)用壽命，降低操(cao)作事(shi)故率，將有助于提高(gao)(gao)綜采設備(bei)(bei)的(de)可靠(kao)性，提高(gao)(gao)工(gong)作面(mian)的(de)產(chan)量。

　　刮(gua)(gua)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)(song)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是一種(zhong)連續(xu)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)(song)設備，使(shi)用移動的(de)(de)刮(gua)(gua)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)在封閉的(de)(de)矩(ju)形(xing)截(jie)面外殼中輸(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)(song)松散材料(liao)(liao)(liao)，如灰塵、小顆(ke)(ke)粒和小塊。由于(yu)刮(gua)(gua)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)在運輸(shu)(shu)過程中埋(mai)(mai)在材料(liao)(liao)(liao)中，因此(ci)被稱(cheng)為“埋(mai)(mai)刮(gua)(gua)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)(song)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”。該(gai)設備通常用于(yu)顆(ke)(ke)粒和粉(fen)末材料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)水(shui)平輸(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)(song)，也可用于(yu)150角度范圍內的(de)(de)傾斜輸(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)(song)。因此(ci)，在單點(dian)(dian)進料(liao)(liao)(liao)和出(chu)(chu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)基礎上，還可以實現多(duo)點(dian)(dian)進料(liao)(liao)(liao)、多(duo)點(dian)(dian)出(chu)(chu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)，在運輸(shu)(shu)有毒、易爆、高溫、易飛(fei)物料(liao)(liao)(liao)、工人作業(ye)條(tiao)件(jian)、減少環(huan)境污染等(deng)方面具有突出(chu)(chu)特點(dian)(dian)。廣泛應用于(yu)化工、冶金、機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械、輕工、糧食(shi)、水(shui)電、交通等(deng)行業(ye)。刮(gua)(gua)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)是刮(gua)(gua)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)(song)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)主要部件(jian)，也是重要的(de)(de)牽引機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構。它由三部分組成(cheng)：刮(gua)(gua)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、圓鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)和連接(jie)環(huan)。統計數據顯示，刮(gua)(gua)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)故(gu)障約(yue)占刮(gua)(gua)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)(song)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)故(gu)障總數的(de)(de)40。因此(ci)，提(ti)高刮(gua)(gua)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)(song)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)刮(gua)(gua)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)質量(liang)，延長(chang)其使(shi)用壽命，降低操作事故(gu)率，將有助于(yu)提(ti)高綜采設備的(de)(de)可靠(kao)性，提(ti)高工作面的(de)(de)產量(liang)。

　　刮(gua)板輸送(song)機故障的(de)原因

　　1.刮板損壞

　　刮(gua)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)損壞大多(duo)是由于(yu)彎曲變(bian)形(xing)、過(guo)度磨損，少數是由于(yu)開裂。其發生的(de)(de)(de)主要原因是：溜槽鋪設(she)不符合設(she)計要求，超過(guo)了要求的(de)(de)(de)彎曲角度；溜槽接(jie)口處接(jie)頭不良，造成溜槽局(ju)部變(bian)形(xing)；在操作過(guo)程中，大塊(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)煤或脈石(shi)突然受(shou)到擠壓，導致刮(gua)板(ban)受(shou)到顯(xian)著(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)沖擊力(li)；當相鄰刮(gua)板(ban)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)距(ju)離超過(guo)設(she)計要求時，長期運行會導致刮(gua)板(ban)承(cheng)受(shou)的(de)(de)(de)載荷超過(guo)限制(zhi)。

　　2.刮板鏈(lian)條從(cong)鏈(lian)輪上(shang)脫(tuo)落

　　刮板鏈(lian)(lian)條無(wu)法與(yu)鏈(lian)(lian)輪(lun)正確嚙合，導致了(le)常見(jian)的(de)“跳(tiao)齒(chi)”現象。其產生的(de)主要原因是：機(ji)頭與(yu)機(ji)頭過渡(du)(du)槽的(de)彎曲角度(du)過大(da)；機(ji)頭過渡(du)(du)槽中板不平整；鏈(lian)(lian)輪(lun)磨損嚴(yan)重(zhong)或咬入雜物；兩條鏈(lian)(lian)條的(de)張力(li)不一致；刮板嚴(yan)重(zhong)歪斜或間(jian)距過大(da)。

　　3.刮板鏈條(tiao)從(cong)溜槽中脫出(chu)

　　其發生的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)原因是刮(gua)板(ban)(ban)輸送(song)機在(zai)鋪設時(shi)，不(bu)(bu)符合平直鋪設的(de)(de)(de)設計要(yao)求(qiu)，而是向上和向下突出，造成過度(du)彎(wan)曲(qu)；刮(gua)板(ban)(ban)或(huo)溜槽嚴重(zhong)磨損，造成刮(gua)板(ban)(ban)與溜槽間隙過大；兩條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)鏈條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)長度(du)不(bu)(bu)同，受力(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)均勻(yun)；刮(gua)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)過度(du)彎(wan)曲(qu)導(dao)致刮(gua)板(ban)(ban)鏈條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)鏈條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)距離縮短(duan)；廢料的(de)(de)(de)預張力(li)(li)